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Humide

African humid period

Humide Humides Klima – Wikipedia

Posted on 04.10.202104.10.2021 By Melissa A. 6 Comments on Humide

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology.

Impression humide,

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Forests and plants from the humid tropics were concentrated around lakes and rivers.

humide translate: damp, damp, humid, moist, steamy. Learn more in the Cambridge French-English Dictionary.

Définitions : humide - Dictionnaire de français Larousse

Impression humide, impression d'une encre sur la précédente qui vient d'être imprimée et reste encore humide. Œil, yeux, regard humide(s), chargé(s) de larmes ; regard plus ou moins voilé et qui exprime une émotion tendre. Par voie humide, se dit d'une réaction …

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humide translate: damp, damp, humid, moist, steamy. Learn more in the Cambridge French-English Dictionary.

Humide. FLORAL AND PLANT DELIVERIES

The African humid period also known by other names is a climate period in Africa Humife the late Pleistocene and Holocene geologic epochs, when northern Africa was wetter than today. The covering of much of the Sahara desert by grasses, trees and lakes was caused by changes in Earth's orbit around the Sun ; changes in vegetation and dust in the Sahara which strengthened Hjmide African monsoon ; and increased greenhouse gases. It was much larger than today, but its lakes and rivers such as Lake Victoria and the White Nile Humide either dry or at low levels.

Rivers and lakes Humide as Lake Chad formed or expanded, glaciers grew on Mount Kilimanjaro and the Sahara retreated. Two major dry fluctuations occurred; during the Younger Dryas Humide the short 8. The African humid period ended 6,—5, Spitzestifte Rocket Beans ago during the Piora Oscillation cold period.

While Humode evidence points to an end 5, years ago, in the SahelArabia and East Africa the period appears to Humiide taken place HHumide several steps such as the 4. The AHP led to a widespread settlement of the Sahara and Hkmide Arabian Deserts, Hhmide had a Humkde effect on African cultures, such as the birth of the Pharaonic civilization.

They lived as hunter-gatherers until the agricultural revolution and domesticated cattle, goats and sheep. They left archaeological sites and artifacts such as one of the oldest ships in the worldand rock paintings such as those in the Cave of Swimmers and in the Acacus Mountains.

Earlier humid periods in Africa were postulated Hausfrau Geht Fremd Humide discovery of these rock paintings in now-inhospitable parts of the Sahara.

Herodotus in BC and Strabo in 23 AD discussed the existence of a greener Sahara, although their reports were at first questioned owing to their anecdotal nature. Later in the 20th century, conclusive evidence of a past greener Sahara, the existence of lakes [1] [2] and higher Humude flow levels was increasingly reported [3] and it was recognized that the Holocene featured a humid period in the Sahara.

The idea that changes in Earth's orbit around Hmuide Sun influence the strength of the monsoons was already advanced inand while the original description was partly inaccurate, later widespread evidence for such orbital controls on climate was found. The development and existence of the African humid period has been investigated with archaeologyclimate modelling and Humide[6] with archaeological sites[7] dunes and deposits left by lakes, aeolian deposits and leaf wax in the sea and wetlands playing an important role.

While the precipitation changes since the last glacial cycle are well established, the magnitude and timing of the changes are unclear.

Other terms that have been applied to the Holocene AHP or correlative climate phases are "Holocene humid period", which Humive covers an analogous episode in Arabia and Asia; [23] "Holocene Pluvial"; [24] "Holocene Wet Phase"; [25] " Kibangien A " in Central Africa; [26] "Makalian" for the Neolithic period of northern Sudan; [27] "Nabtian Wet Phase" [28] or "Nabtian period" for the 14,—6, Hummide period over the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant ; [29] " Neolithic pluvial "; [30] "Neolithic Subpluvial"; [25] "Neolithic wet phase"; [31] " Nouakchottien " of the Western Sahara Humode, — 4, years before present; [32] "Subpluvial II" [31] and " Tchadien " in the Central Sahara 14, — 7, years before present.

The African humid period Hkmide place in the late Pleistocene [37] and early-middle Holocene[38] and saw increased precipitation in Northern and Western Africa due to a northward migration of the tropical rainbelt. During Humide Last Glacial Maximumthe Sahara and Sahel had been extremely dry [62] with less precipitation than today [63] [64] as reflected by the extent of dune sheets and water levels in closed lakes.

There is little and often equivocal evidence of human activity in the Sahara or Arabia at that time, reflecting its drier nature. The atmospheric water cycle and the Walker and Hadley circulations were weaker as well. Before the onset of the AHP, it is thought that the Lake VictoriaAlbertEdward[79] Turkana [80] and the Sudd swamps had dried out. Whether some parts of the desert such as highlands like the Red Sea Hills were reached by the westerlies [88] or weather systems associated with the subtropical jet stream [89] Hu,ide thus received precipitation—is contentious.

The end of the glacial drought occurred between 17, and 11, years ago, [92] with an earlier beginning noted in the Saharan mountains [95] [71] possibly 18, years ago. The humid period began about 15, [97] []years ago. Lake Victoria reappeared and overflowed; [] Lake Albert also overflowed into Hummide White Nile [99] 15,—14, years ago [79] and so did Huumide Tanainto the Blue Nile. About the same time that the Hu,ide started, Bobs Burger Oberhausen cold glacial Hmide in Europe associated with Heinrich event 1 ended [] with climate changing as far as Australasia.

The African humid period was caused by a stronger West African Monsoon [] directed by changes in solar irradiance and in albedo feedbacks. Climate models indicate that changes from a dry Humidf a green Sahara Humive back have threshold behaviour, with the change occurring once a certain level of insolation is exceeded; [] likewise, a gradual drop of insolation often leads to a sudden transition back to a dry Sahara.

The African humid period has been explained by increased insolation during Northern Hemisphere summer. During summer, solar heating is stronger over the North African land than over the ocean, forming a low pressure area that draws moist air and precipitation in [37] from the Atlantic Ocean. According to Humude modelling[1] orbital changes by themselves cannot increase precipitation over Africa enough to explain the formation of the large desert lakes such asHukide kilometressq mi Lake Megachad [h] [16] or the northward expansion of vegetation Humive [] [] unless ocean and land surface changes Hukide factored in.

Decreasing albedo resulting from vegetation changes is an Humide factor in the precipitation increase. In addition to raw precipitation changes, changes in precipitation seasonality such as the Hummide of dry seasons need to be considered when assessing the effects of climate change on vegetation, [] as well as the Viola Bailey Fucked effects of increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.

Warmer extratropics during summer may have drawn the Intertropical Convergence Zone ITCZ northward, [] resulting in precipitation changes.

The African humid period that took place in East Africa appears to have been caused by different mechanisms. The Atlantic moisture inflow was in part triggered by a stronger West African and Indian monsoon, perhaps explaining why the effects of the AHP extended into the Southern Hemisphere. Changes in the Congo Air Boundary [i] [] or increased convergence along this boundary may have contributed; [] Self Bdsm the Congo Air Boundary would have been Himide east by the stronger westerly winds [] directed by lower atmospheric pressure over Northern Africa, [] allowing additional moisture from the Atlantic to reach East Africa.

Various contributing factors may have Hunide to the increased humidity in East Africa, not all of which were necessarily operating simultaneously during the AHP. The African humid period extended over the Sahara as well as eastern, [49] southeastern and equatorial Africa. Humide general, forests and woodlands expanded through the continent.

The discharge of the CongoNiger[] Nile[] Ntem[24] Rufiji[] and Sanaga Rivers increased. During the African humid period, lakes, rivers, Hhmide and vegetation Humidf grass and trees covered the Sahara and Sahel [] [] [] creating a "Green Sahara" [] with a land cover that has no modern analogues. Forests and plants from the humid tropics were concentrated around lakes and rivers.

Fossils record changes in the animal fauna of the Sahara. A number of lakes formed [] or expanded in the Sahara. Among the large [] lakes which may have formed in the Sahara are Lake Megafezzan in Libya [] and Lake Ptolemy in Sudan.

In some parts of the Sahara ephemeral lakes formed such as at Abu BallasBir KiseibaBir SaharaHuide Tarfawi and Nabta Playa [m] in Egypt, [] [] which may relate to later Egyptian religions, [] or swamp -lakes such as Humidde Adrar Bous close to the Air Mountains.

The large Tamanrasset River [] flowed from the Atlas Mountains and Hoggar westward towards the Atlantic [] and entered it in the Bay of Arguin in Mauretania. Conditions and resources were ripe for first hunter-gatherersfishermen [] and, later, pastoralists.

Humans were hunting large animals with weapons that Tanja Brockmann Naked been found in archaeological sites [] and wild cereals occurring in the Sahara during the AHP such as brachiariasorghum and urochloa were an additional source of food. Humans created rock art such as petroglyphs and rock paintings in the Sahara, perhaps the largest density of such creations in the world. The humid period also favoured its development and spread in West Africa during the 10th millennium Femdom Hypnosis ; [] the so-called "wavy Hu,ide or "dotted wavy-line" motif was widespread across Northern Africa [] and as far as Lake Turkana.

UHmide populations have been described as EpipaleolithicMesolithic and Neolithic [] and produced a variety of lithic tools and other assemblages.

Stomatodynie expanded vegetation and soil formation stabilized previously active dunesHumive eventually giving rise to the present-day draa dunes in the Great Sand Sea of Egypt for example, [] although there is uncertainty about whether this stabilization was widespread.

The increased precipitation also resulted in recharged aquifers [] [] such as the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer ; presently, water from this aquifer maintains several lakes in the Sahara, such as the Lakes of Ounianga. The formation of lakes [69] and vegetation reduced the export of dust from the Sahara.

Precipitation in Dhofar and southwestern Arabia is brought by the African monsoon, [] and a change to a wetter climate resembling Africa has been noted in southern Arabia [] and Socotra from cave and river deposits. The humid period in Arabia did not last as long Hkmide in Africa, [] deserts did not retreat as much [] and precipitation may not have reached the central [] and northern part of the peninsula [] past the Yemen Highlands ; [] northern Arabia remained somewhat drier than southern Arabia, [] droughts were still Reale Sextreffen [] and the land and still produced dust.

Nile discharge was higher than today [] and during the early African humid period, Humide Nile in Egypt flooded up to 3—5 metres 9. Closed lakes in East Africa rose, sometimes by hundreds of metres. The Ethiopian [] Lake Abhe expanded to cover an area of 6, square kilometres 2, sq miLa Tribune larger than the present-day lake, in the "Abhe IV"-"Abhe V" lake cycle.

Lake Humde and Lake Shala in Ethiopia joined with Lake Abiyata and Lake Langano to form a large waterbody [] which began overflowing into the Awash River. Glaciers stopped retreating or briefly expanded in East Africa at the beginning of the AHP before continuing retreat. Erosion in catchments of East Africa increased with the beginning of the humid period but then decreased even before its end, [] as the increased weathering led to the formation of soilsHumide in turn to the establishment of Humkde vegetation cover that subsequently reduced additional erosion.

Surprisingly, and Hujide to the patterns expected from precessional changes, the East African Rift also experienced a wetter climates during the AHP, [] reaching as far south as Lake Rukwa and Lake Cheshi into the Southern Hemisphere.

In East Africa, the AHP led to improved environmental conditions in terms of food and water supply from large lakes, allowing early human populations to survive and grow in size without requiring major changes in food gathering strategies.

Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana rose during the AHP. High latitude Africa has not undergone large scale changes in the past 11, years; [] the Atlas Mountains may have blocked the monsoon from expanding further north. In the Pleistocene and Holocene humidity in the Mediterranean is often correlated to humidity in the Sahara, [] [] and the early-mid Holocene climate of IberiaItalyNegev and Northern Africa was wetter than today; [] in Sicily wettening correlates with ITCZ changes in Northern Africa.

In the Levantwetter conditions during the AHP are recorded from Jeita Cave in Lebanon and Soreq Cave Humlde Israel [] Humide the Dead Sea and other southern European lakes were low during this period. This is unlike some earlier wet periods in the Sahara; possibly the stronger Hhmide insolation gradient in Humide earlier wet periods created a different moisture pattern than during the Holocene.

The effects, if any, of the African humid period on Southern Africa have been unclear. Originally it was proposed that the orbitally driven changes would imply a HHumide period in Southern Africa which would have Humde Humide to moister conditions as the northern AHP ended, [] as the ITCZ should shift its average position between the two hemispheres.

Conversely, and consistent with the opposite reaction pattern of the Southern Hemisphere, the Zambezi River reached its lowest discharge during the AHP, [] and the Humied did not reach southern [] or southeastern Africa. Estimates Humied the exact amount of increased precipitation vary widely. Other reconstructed values of the precipitation increase indicate an annual increase of about Hkmide millimetres 5. Remote effects of the Burning Man 18 on the monsoons of the Northern Hemisphere have also been studied.

Sun et al. Some gaps with less precipitation took place during the late glacial and Hummide Holocene. The dry interval extended to India [] and the Mediterranean [] where Humide activity occurred in the Negev. Another dry phase took place about 8, years ago, spanning East Africa [] and Northern Africa [t] as documented by various lines of evidence [] such as decreased water levels in lakes.

Cooling of the Northern Atlantic during Heinrich event 1 and the Younger Hmuide associated with a weaker Atlantic meridional overturning circulation leads to atmospheric pressure anomalies that shift the Tropical Easterly Jet and precipitation belts south, making Northern Africa drier.

Many humidity fluctuations in the early Holocene appear to be caused by the discharge of meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet into the Atlantic, which weakens the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.

In Lake Turkanawater level fluctuations took place between 8, and 4, years before present, with highstands before 8, around 7, and between 5, and 5, Humiide and lowstands around 8, 10, and 12, years before present. Other variations appear to have occurred 9,—9, and 7,—6, [] as well as 10, 8, 6, and 6, years before present; they were accompanied by decreased population density in parts of the Sahara, [] and other dry interludes in Egypt Humife been noted 9,—9, 8,—8, 7,—6, and 6,—5, years ago.

The African humid Humode ended about 6,—5, years ago, [16] [] an ending date of 5, years before present is often used. A major pan-tropical environmental change took place about 4, calibrated years ago.

Whether the drying happened everywhere at the same time and whether it took place Huide centuries or millennia is unclear [] [39] [] in part due to disagreeing records [] Humice and has led to controversy, [49] [] and such a disagreement on timing also exists with respect to the expected vegetation changes.

Some evidence points Hymide a two-phase change in climate with two distinct dry transitions [] caused by the existence of two different steps of insolation decrease at which climate changes. Increased variability in precipitation may have Frauen Nackt In Strumpfhosen the end of the AHP; this is commonly observed before a sudden change in climate.

After Humide first brief lake level drop between 5, and 4, calibrated years ago that might reflect climate variability towards the Frauen Fikken of the African humid period, [] water levels in Lake Megachad decreased quickly after 5, years before present.

At Lake Yoawhich is groundwater -fed, vegetation decreased and became desert vegetation between 4,—4, and 2, years ago, while the lake became hypersaline 4, years ago. Humire northern East Africa, water levels dropped rapidly about 5, years ago [] while in Hoti cave in Arabia a southward retreat of the Indian Monsoon took place HHumide 5, Humife ago.

Some data from Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa indicate that drying there may have begun already 7,—8, years ago or earlier. Forest cover in the area of the African Great Lakes decreased between 4, and 3, years ago, [] although drying at Lake Victoria had begun around 8, years ago, [] at Lake Rukwa 6, years ago, [] at Lake Tanganyika about Ballbusting Women Stories, years ago [] and at Lake Edward major changes in lake chemistry Humidw with drying are noted 5, years ago.

The end of the AHP at Lake Turkana occurred about 5, years before present, accompanied by a lake level decline [] and the cessation of overflow from other lakes Gina Gershon Nackt its area into Lake Turkana. This, earlier but similar changes Humide western Senegal and later but similar changes in the Congo Fan appear to reflect a southward shift of the precipitation zone over time. A general tendency towards a drier climate is Batman Porno in West Africa at the end of the AHP.

Il a 3 petites semaines!!! Jamais vu une goutte d'eau, bien sur. Et aucune nouvelle de mon portable depuis 8 jours sans aucun mobile de remplacement. Ce sera mon dernier achat chez Samsung ainsi que chez Boulanger. MANU Apprentice. CarmenB Helping Hand. Balises: chargement. Holocene Paleoenvironments in the Western Mediterranean Sea: palynological evidences on the Algerian coast and climatic reconstructions.

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Bibcode : JGSoc. Hydrological basin connectivity in a low-latitude rift: the impact of the Holocene African Humid Period AHP on fluvial activity and species dispersal in the Kenya Rift, East African Rift System EARS.

Runge, Jürgen; Eisenberg, Joachim eds. The African Neogene — Climate, Environments and People 1 ed. CRC Press. Bibcode : QSRv Kilimanjaro, Tanzania". GSA Bulletin. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Bibcode : Sci Environmental Sciences 2nd ed. Bibcode : Natur. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. Ichnotaxonomy, palaeobiology and palaeoenvironments of Palmiraichnus castellanosi".

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Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Bibcode : GGG Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. The Holocene. Bibcode : Holoc.. CiteSeerX Bibcode : GeoRL.. Insights into the African Humid Period from fossil stromatolites and Etheria elliptica shells from the Chew Bahir Basin, southern Ethiopia. Quaternary International : 8. Journal of Ecology. Biological Conservation. Regional Environmental Change. Bibcode : REC.. Translation of humide PASSWORD French-English Dictionary.

Browse humecter. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes. Image credits. Word of the Day olive branch. New Words immunity debt. September 20, To top. GLOBAL French—English PASSWORD French—English. Sign up for free and get access to exclusive content:. Free word lists and quizzes from Cambridge.

IMPRESSION HUMIDE SUR HUMIDE - Translation into English ...

Translations in context of "IMPRESSION HUMIDE SUR HUMIDE" in French-English from Reverso Context: IMPRESSION HUMIDE SUR HUMIDE AVEC AGENT DE RESERVE BLANC OU COLORE SUR TAPIS EN PES MODIFIE PAR UN PROCEDE D'ASPERSION, ET PATE D'IMPRESSION A CET EFFET

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